The islands and cays of Andros are made of jagged, xeric limestone, punctuated by sinkholes. Vegetation consists of pine-forested interiors, surrounded by mangrove swamp, grading into mud flats.

The Andros Iguana is the only iguana in the world documented to deposit their eggs in termite mounds. Females lay 5-18 eggs in a termite mound and will aggressively guard their nests for up to 10 weeks. With very little substrate available on any of the islands or cays, the termite mounds are in many cases the only available choice for nesting.